Cabergoline

What is Cabergoline?

Cabergoline is a prescription medication classifi as a dopamine receptor agonist. It is primarily used to reduce elevate levels of prolactin, a hormone produced by the pituitary gland. By mimicking dopamine—a natural chemical in the brain—it helps inhibit prolactin secretion.

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What Are the Uses of Cabergoline?

Cabergoline is used to treat a variety of conditions related to high prolactin levels, including:

• Hyperprolactinemia: Abnormally high prolactin, which can cause irregular menstrual cycles, infertility, and inappropriate breast milk production.

• Prolactin-Secreting Pituitary Adenomas (Prolactinomas): Cabergoline reduces tumor size and prolactin secretion.

• Parkinson’s Disease (off-label): Sometimes used to manage motor symptoms by stimulating dopamine receptors.

• Off-Label Uses: Conditions like Cushing’s disease and acromegaly under certain circumstances.

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What Are the Benefits of Cabergoline?

• Normalizes prolactin levels effectively.

• Restores normal ovulation and menstrual cycles in women.

• Helps resolve symptoms such as infertility and galactorrhea.

• Can shrink prolactinomas and reduce pressure-related symptoms.

• Offers a longer half-life, allowing for less frequent dosing (typically twice weekly).

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How Does Cabergoline Work?

Cabergoline acts as a dopamine D2 receptor agonist. Dopamine naturally inhibits the secretion of prolactin from the anterior pituitary gland. By activating these dopamine receptors, Cabergoline effectively suppresses prolactin production and restores hormonal balance.

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How to Take Cabergoline?

• Route: Oral (by mouth), with or without food.

• Frequency: Usually taken twice a week, as prescribe.

• Instructions: Swallow the tablet whole with water. Avoid alcohol during treatment.

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Dosage of Cabergoline

• Starting dose: 0.25 mg twice weekly.

• Adjustment: Doses may be increased by 0.25 mg twice weekly every 4 weeks based on prolactin levels and patient response.

• Maximum dose: Typically up to 1 mg twice weekly, though higher doses may be used for prolactinomas under close medical supervision.

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Missed Dose and Overdose

Missed Dose:

• Take it as soon as you remember.

• If it’s close to the next scheduled dose, skip the missed one. Do not double the dose.

Overdose:

• Symptoms may include nasal congestion, hallucinations, confusion, low blood pressure, or fainting.

• Seek immediate medical attention in case of overdose.

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What Are the Available Strengths of Cabergoline?

• 0.25 mg tablets

• 0.5 mg tablets

These are the commonly available strengths, typically packed in blister strips or bottles.

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Side Effects of Cabergoline

Common Side Effects:

• Nausea

• Headache

• Dizziness or fainting (especially when standing up)

• Fatigue

• Constipation

Serious (Less Common) Side Effects:

• Heart valve issues (e.g., regurgitation)

• Psychiatric symptoms (hallucinations, compulsive behaviors)

• Shortness of breath or swelling (may indicate lung/heart problems)

• Vision changes

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Interactions of Cabergoline

Cabergoline may interact with:

• Dopamine antagonists: (e.g., metoclopramide, antipsychotics) – can reduce effectiveness.

• Macrolide antibiotics: (e.g., erythromycin) – may increase Cabergoline levels.

• Blood pressure medications: – can intensify hypotensive effects.

• Other dopamine agonists or CNS drugs: – may increase side effect risks.

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Precautions of Cabergoline

• Not recommend for individuals with uncontrol hypertension or a history of fibrotic disorders (heart, lung, or retroperitoneal fibrosis).

• Regular cardiac monitoring (echocardiogram) is advised during long-term use.

• Caution in liver impairment.

• Should be used with caution during pregnancy or breastfeeding—consult your doctor.

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Storage Information

• Store at room temperature (20–25°C / 68–77°F).

• Keep in a dry place, away from direct sunlight and moisture.

• Store in original packaging to protect from light.

• Keep out of reach of children.

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Availability in the US and Australia

United States:

• Approved by the FDA.

• Available by prescription only.

• Marketed under the brand Dostinex and as generic cabergoline.

Australia:

• Approved by the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA).

• Available via prescription.

• Common brands include Cabaser.

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

1. Can Cabergoline help with infertility?

Yes, by lowering prolactin levels, it can restore ovulation and improve fertility in women.

2. How long does it take to work?

Prolactin levels typically decrease within a few days to weeks. Full therapeutic effects may take several weeks.

3. Can men take Cabergoline?

Yes, especially for prolactinomas or conditions like gynecomastia caused by high prolactin.

4. Can I stop taking Cabergoline if I feel better?

No. Always follow your doctor guidance. Stopping suddenly can lead to recurrence of symptoms.

5. Does Cabergoline cause weight gain?

Weight changes are not common but may occur depending on hormonal changes or off-label use.